Louis, western equine and eastern equine encephalitis. These viruses can cause infections such as West Nile, La Crosse, St. These viruses include the poliovirus and the coxsackievirus, which usually cause an illness with flu-like symptoms, eye inflammation and abdominal pain. These include the Epstein-Barr virus, which commonly causes infectious mononucleosis, and the varicella-zoster virus, which commonly causes chickenpox and shingles. Encephalitis caused by HSV type 1 is rare but can result in significant brain damage or death. Both HSV type 1 - associated with cold sores and fever blisters around your mouth - and HSV type 2 - associated with genital herpes - can cause encephalitis. The viruses that can cause encephalitis include: When an infected mosquito bites an animal or a human (host), the virus is passed into the host's bloodstream, where it may cause serious illness. When a mosquito bites an infected bird, the virus enters the mosquito's bloodstream and eventually moves into its salivary glands. In many instances, no definitive trigger for the abnormal immune response is identified. This is known as post-infectious autoimmune encephalitis. Other types of autoimmune encephalitis such as acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) can be triggered by infection in your body. Sometimes the abnormal immune response can be triggered by benign or cancerous tumors, known as paraneoplastic and autoimmune encephalitis. The exact reason why this happens is not completely understood. This condition occurs when your own immune cells mistakenly attack the brain or make antibodies targeting proteins and receptors in the brain. Very rarely, encephalitis may be caused by bacteria, fungus or parasites. Viruses are the most common causes of infectious encephalitis, including some that can be passed by mosquitoes or ticks. The infection may affect one area or be widespread. This condition occurs when a virus or other agent directly infects the brain. In those for whom a cause is identified, there are two main types of encephalitis: In approximately half of patients, the exact cause of encephalitis is not known. Infants and young children with any signs or symptoms of encephalitis should receive urgent care. A severe headache, fever and change in consciousness require urgent care. Get immediate care if you are experiencing any of the more-severe symptoms associated with encephalitis. Seeing or hearing things that aren't there.Problems understanding what is real and what is not, known as psychosis.Symptoms are different for everyone, but it's common for people to have a combination of symptoms including: Flu-like symptoms are less common, but can sometimes happen weeks before more-severe symptoms start. In cases of autoimmune encephalitis, symptoms may develop more slowly over several weeks. Poor feeding or not waking for a feeding.Bulging in the soft spots of an infant's skull, known as fontanels.In infants and young children, signs and symptoms also might include: Loss of sensation or being unable to move certain areas of the face or body.Confusion, agitation or hallucinations.Typically, these are followed by more-severe symptoms over a period of hours to days, such as: Most people with infectious encephalitis have flu-like symptoms, such as: Encephalitis also may cause changes in sight or hearing. Other fontanels are found on the sides and back of an infant's head.Įncephalitis may cause many different symptoms including confusion, personality changes, seizures or problems with movement. One of the major signs of encephalitis in infants is bulging of the soft spots (fontanels) of the baby's skull.
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